Submitted by: Hao-Cheng Gao

Category: Microscopy

Contributors: Fan Xu

Creation: Immunolabeled cells was imaged with 4Pi single-molecule localization microscopy (4Pi-SMLM) and reconstruct its ultrastructure with nanometer resolution by using 4Pi-BRAINSPOT platform.

Caption: Nuclear pore complexes are massive protein assemblies embedded in the nuclear envelope that regulate the bidirectional transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, playing a crucial role in cellular function and gene expression. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) surpasses the diffraction limit by precisely determining the positions of individual fluorophores, while 4Pi microscopy enhances achievable resolution through interferometric optical design. Together, 4Pi-SMLM facilitates 3D imaging of proteins with nanometer precision. The color code represents the depth (Z position) of the Nup96 proteins, as indicated by the color bar.