Eugenio Culurciello, associate professor of biomedical engineering, electrical and computer engineering, and mechanical engineering

The Center for Brain-inspired Computing Enabling Autonomous Intelligence, or C-BRIC, is a five-year project supported by $27 million in funding from the Semiconductor Research Corp. (SRC) via its Joint University Microelectronics Program, which provides funding from a consortium of industrial sponsors as well as from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The SRC operates research programs in the United States and globally that connect industry to university researchers, deliver early results to enable technological advances, and prepare a highly-trained workforce for the semiconductor industry. Additional funds include $3.96 million from Purdue and support from participating universities, pending final contracts, which include: Arizona State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State University, Portland State University, Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Southern California  At the state level, the Indiana Economic Development Corporation will be providing funds, pending board approval, to establish an intelligent autonomous systems laboratory at Purdue.

C-BRIC, which begins operating in January 2018, will be led by Kaushik Roy, Purdue’s Edward G. Tiedemann Jr. Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), with Anand Raghunathan, Purdue professor of ECE, as associate director. Other Purdue faculty involved in the center include Suresh Jagannathan, professor of computer science and ECE; and Eugenio Culurciello, associate professor of biomedical engineering, ECE and mechanical engineering.

“The center’s goal is to develop neuro-inspired algorithms, architectures and circuits for perception, reasoning and decision-making, which today’s standard computing is unable to do efficiently,” Roy said.

Current autonomous systems algorithms enable analysis in simple scenarios that don’t represent a complex real-world environment. Culurciello is developing a synthetic model brain that can understand the world and act in it. It can sense its environment, focus on relevant data, predict and evaluate future outcomes based on its own memory, and take the best course of action.

“The key is to be able to predict outcomes,” said Culurciello. “In other words, it needs to have the ability to foresee the future.”

Culurciello’s model will be able to learn multiple tasks at once and remember what happened, learn from real or artificial examples, and have the ability to play and replay possible actions and choose the best one.

Potential applications for Culurciello’s model include autonomous driving, security cameras, speech recognition, facial recognition, activity recognition, prediction of actions in video, video processing and video analytics.

Efficiency here implies energy use. For example, while advanced computers such as IBM’s Watson and Google’s AlphaGo have beaten humans at high-level cognitive tasks, they also consume hundreds of thousands of watts of power to do so, whereas the human brain requires only around 20 watts.

“We have to narrow this huge efficiency gap to enable continued improvements in artificial intelligence in the face of diminishing benefits from technology scaling,” Raghunathan said. “C-BRIC will develop technologies to perform brain-like functions with brain-like efficiency.”

In addition, the center will enable next-generation autonomous intelligent systems capable of accomplishing both “end-to-end” functions and completion of mission-critical tasks without human intervention.

“Autonomous intelligent systems will require real-time closed-loop control, leading to new challenges in computational efficiency and robustness,” said Venkataramanan (Ragu) Balakrishnan, Purdue’s Michael and Katherine Birck Head and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. “Purdue’s long history of preeminence in related research areas such as neuromorphic computing and energy-efficient electronics positions us well to lead this effort.”

The center will involve about 17 faculty and around 85 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers across the universities.

“Purdue is up to the considerable challenges that will be posed by C-BRIC,” said Suresh Garimella, Purdue's executive vice president for research and partnerships and the R. Eugene and Susie E. Goodson Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering. “We are excited that our faculty and students are embarking on this ambitious mission to shape the future of intelligent autonomous systems.”

Mung Chiang, Purdue’s John A. Edwardson Dean of the College of Engineering, said, “C-BRIC represents a game-changer in artificial intelligence. These outstanding colleagues in electrical and computer engineering and other departments at Purdue will carry out transformational research on efficient, distributed intelligence.”

To achieve their goals, C-BRIC researchers will improve the theoretical and mathematical underpinnings of neuro-inspired algorithms.

“This is very important,” Raghunathan said. “The underlying theory of brain-inspired computing needs to be better worked out, and we believe this will lead to broader applicability and improved robustness.”

At the same time, new autonomous systems will have to possess “distributed intelligence” that allows various parts, such as the multitude of “edge devices” in the so-called Internet of Things, to work together seamlessly.

“We are excited to bring together a multi-disciplinary team with expertise spanning algorithms, theory, hardware and system-building, that will enable us to pursue a holistic approach to brain-inspired computing, and to hopefully deliver an efficiency closer to that of the brain,” Roy said.

Information about the SRC can be found at https://www.src.org/. 

Source: Purdue Newsroom