Introductory guide to OpenWindows.

This section defines a few of the terms we will be using throughout this section.

Icon

A small picture used to represent an application. For example, the terminal emulator will also have an icon, which contains a picture of a terminal, so that you know that this tool is a terminal emulator.

To iconify an application means to make the application's window go away, and its icon appear. This is also referred to as closing a window. To deiconify an application means to make the application's window reappear, and its icon go away. This is referred to as opening a window.

Menu

Contained in a window, a menu is a list of applications you can run or operations you can perform.

Window

A bounded area, usually square, in which some application performs all its input and output.

Workspace

The main window used by the window system to place all other windows in. The Workspace always takes up the entire screen and is usually a solid background color, such as gray, black or blue.

Getting Started

Logging In

First you must log in. Logging in tells the system who you are and what you have permission to do. Likewise, when you finish, you will log out so that no one else can access your files without permission.

To log in:

1. Type your user name at the login: prompt and press Return

   The login prompt usually consists of your machine name followed by the words console login: For example:

   	magic.ecn.purdue.edu console login:
   

2. Type your password at the Password: prompt and press Return.

You will not see the characters on the screen as you type your password. After your password has been accepted, your workstation screen should have your machine name followed by a UNIX prompt. It will look similar to this:

	Last login: Tue. Aug 9 09:32:13 on console

      Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.3 Generic September 1993

      magic.ecn.purdue.edu%

You are now logged in.

NOTE: Contact your site specialist if you receive an error message such as:

		Login incorrect

Starting And Using OpenWindows

At the UNIX prompt type:

		%openwin

and press Return. After a minute or so, you will see the Sun Microsystems Solaris Version 3.3 banner screen. After another minute or two, you will see your Workspace background on your screen. The Workspace is the display area for objects such as windows, icons, and menus. Running the generic OpenWindows environment, you will see the following items in your Workspace:

• A File Manager Tool window provides a graphical display of the structure of the folder and documents (directories and files) in your file system.

• A Command Tool (CONSOLE) window which is connected to the console device of your workstation. UNIX uses the console device to log system messages and the like. Generally, it is not advisable to use this window for anything else.

• A Help Viewer Tool window which is a collection of Help Handbooks which you can select and view in the Help Viewer window.

Included in the tools will be menus and other facilities which will allow you to start additional applications, customize your environment, and save your customizations.

Using the Mouse Pointer and Buttons

The Mouse Pointer

The easiest way to access the windows in your Workspace is to use your mouse. The mouse is the small rectangular electronic device that (usually) sits on a silvery pad next to your workstation. The pointer is represented on the screen as an arrow. Notice that when you move the mouse, the pointer moves in the same direction on the screen. The pointer indicates where mouse activity will take place and the placement of the pointer is dependent upon the movement of your mouse.

Mouse Buttons

The mouse buttons enable you to control the windows, icons and menus in the Workspace. The mouse has three buttons which are assigned functions.

The default mouse button function assignments are:

		SELECT    =    the left mouse button

		ADJUST    =    the middle mouse button

		MENU      =    the right mouse button

• You click a mouse button by pressing and releasing it quickly.

• You double-click a mouse button by clicking twice quickly (within approximately half a second or less) without moving the pointer.

• You click SELECT (LEFT mouse button) to choose an item.

• You click ADJUST (MIDDLE mouse button) to make a secondary choice or to modify what you have chosen with SELECT.

• You press MENU (RIGHT mouse button) and hold to make a choice from a menu.

• You release the mouse button to initiate the action.

• You move the pointer by sliding the mouse with no buttons pressed.

• You drag the pointer by pressing and holding a mouse button while sliding the mouse.

Activating Windows

You must activate a window before the tool will can accept input and process commands. To "activate" a window is simply notifying the window system of the current active window or input area. The input area is the area where you will be typing in your commands or input. It is surrounded by the borders of the window. Activating the window will designate that window as the input area.

To activate a window:

1. In the window you want to activate, move the pointer (which is an arrow) into any area of the window you want to activate. You can move the pointer into the input area or the title bar area. The title bar is the top border, or "frame" of the window. Within the window title bar is the name of the window. For example, a Shell Tool window will have shelltool - /bin/csh in its title bar.

2. Stop moving the mouse and click (press and release) the LEFT mouse button. Notice that when you released the LEFT mouse button the title bar of the window changes color slightly to distinguish it from the other windows on the screen. This changing color indicates that this window is the one that will receive all further input from the keyboard; therefore it is now activated.

To use another application, you need to click the LEFT mouse button in the window of that application (activate the window).

Menus and Pushpins

Menu Terms

Menu

Contained in a window, a menu is a list of applications you can run or operations you can perform.

Submenu

Contained in a Menu window, a submenu is a list of applications you can run or operations you can perform.

Select(ing)

While holding down a mouse button, move the pointer into a menu. As the pointer makes contact with menu items, they are highlighted. When the desired menu item is highlighted, release the mouse button. The menu will disappear, initiating the selected action.

OpenWindows provides two menus: the Window menu and the Workspace menu. As the names imply, the Window menu is the list of operations you can perform on windows, such as close, move, resize, etc.. The Workspace menu is a list of applications you can start.

Using the Window Menu

You can access two window menus. The Window menu that you access from an abbreviated menu button and the Window menu that you access from the window title bar. The abbreviated menu button is the small boxed arrow in the left corner of the window title bar. Both are Window menus with the same options. The Window menu you access from the window title bar has the menu title Window. The Window menu you access from the abbreviated menu button does not have a menu title.

To access the Window menu from the abbreviated menu button:

1. Move the pointer (which is an arrow) to the abbreviated menu button of the selected window. The pointer should be on top of the button.

2. Press the RIGHT mouse button and the Window menu will appear.

To access the Window menu from the window title bar:

1. Activate the window where you want the Window menu to appear. Move the pointer (which is an arrow) to the window title bar, then click (press and release) the LEFT mouse button. The title bar will change color slightly to distinguish itself from the other windows on the screen.

2. Press (hold down) the RIGHT mouse button. The Window menu will appear.

Choosing from the Window Menu

1. Move the pointer to the abbreviated menu button or title bar of the window.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Window menu.
3. While still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag (slide mouse) down and you will see the pointer selecting (highlighting) various items.
4. When the desired menu item is selected, release the mouse button.

The Window menu will disappear and the operation you chose will initiate.

Using the Workspace Menu

To access the Workspace menu:

1. Move your pointer into the Workspace (main window which surrounds the windows and icons).

2. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Workspace menu will appear. If you release the RIGHT mouse button, the Workspace menu will disappear.

Choosing from the Workspace Menu

1. Move the pointer into the Workspace.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Workspace menu.
3. While still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag (slide mouse) down and you will see the pointer selecting (highlighting) various items.
4. When the desired menu item is selected, release the mouse button.

The Workspace menu will disappear and the operation you chose will initiate.

Using Workspace Submenus

When you display the Workspace menu, the first two items - Programs and Utilities each have a hollow triangular arrow next to them, pointing to the right. This means that there is a submenu of additional choices.

To access a submenu:

1. Move your pointer into the Workspace, the pointer will appear as an arrow.

2. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Workspace menu will appear.

3. Keep pressing the RIGHT mouse button, and drag (slide) the pointer to the right at one of the triangles.

4. As you continue to press the RIGHT mouse button and drag to the right at Programs, the Programs submenu is displayed, containing a list of applications. To choose an item from the Programs submenu, drag the pointer over to your choice. When the choice is highlighted, release the mouse button. In a moment , the application you chose will initiate in its own window.

Pushpins

You can use the pushpin in the upper left corner of the menu to "pin" the Workspace menu to the Workspace and keep it there indefinitely. Note that these instructions apply to any menu or window with a pushpin.

To Pin a Menu

1. Move the pointer into the Workspace. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Workspace menu.
2. Still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer over to the pushpin. The pushpin moves into the hole.
3. Release the RIGHT mouse button and the menu will stay up.

Choosing from a Pinned Menu

1. The Workspace menu is now pinned on the Workspace. Move the pointer on the item you want to choose.
2. Pressing the LEFT mouse button, highlight the item from the menu or submenu and click (press and release).
3. The application you chose appears on the Workspace. Some applications are rather large and may take a few minutes before they appear.

Dismissing a Pinned Menu

1. To unpin a menu, move the pointer over the pushpin of the menu you want to dismiss.
2. Press the LEFT mouse button. Notice the pushpin is removed from the hole.
3. Release the LEFT mouse button. The menu will disappear. and become "unpinned".

Windows and Icons

Several default applications appear on the Workspace when you start OpenWindows. Each application runs in its own window. When you use the OpenWindows environment, you open the applications that you need. You can run several applications simultaneously, such as electronic mail, your daily calendar, and a text editor.

Closing a Window to an Icon

When a window is not in use, you can close it and keep it on the Workspace for further use. When closed, an application is displayed as an icon.

1. Move the pointer to the title bar or abbreviated menu button (small boxed arrow in left corner of title bar) of the selected window.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Window menu will appear.
3. Pressing the RIGHT mouse button, select Close.
4. Release the mouse button.

The window will close and become an icon at the bottom of your screen and the application continues to run. For instance, if you are running an application generating output, it will still be running. It will remain as icon form until you open it again.

Opening an Icon to a Window

You can open an application icon into a window from its closed icon using two methods. The first method:

1. Position the pointer over the icon you want to open.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Window menu will appear.
3. Pressing the RIGHT mouse button, select Open.
4. Release the mouse button.

The application will open into a window.

The second method:

1. Position the pointer over the icon you want to open.
2. Pressing the LEFT mouse button, double click (press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession). The first click highlights a border around the icon, and the second click opens it into a window.

Quitting Windows

Exiting (or quitting) a window will cause the window to disappear from your screen until you create another window.

1. Go into the window you want to exit, and activate it (using LEFT mouse button, click anywhere in the window).
2. Move pointer to the title bar or abbreviated menu button.
3. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Window menu will display.
4. While pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the mouse to select (highlight) Quit.
5. Release the mouse button.

The menu and window will disappear from your desktop (screen). When you Quit a window, the application will go away and any work you have in progress will be destroyed. So make sure you save your work before you quit.

Starting Applications

You can create different productivity tool windows via the Programs menu under the Workspace menu. There you will find the File Manager, Mail Tool, Shell Tool, Clock, Calculator, Print Tool, etc.. You can select any of these applications (programs) to run in its own window.

To start an application:

1. Move the pointer into the Workspace.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Workspace menu.
3. Keep pressing the RIGHT mouse button, and drag (slide the mouse) the pointer to the right of the Programs triangle.
4. As you continue to press the RIGHT mouse button and drag to the right at Programs, the Programs submenus is displayed containing a list of default applications.
5. Still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer down over to your choice. When the choice is highlighted, release the mouse button.

In a moment, the application will open in its own window.

To Exit OpenWindows

When you are done working on the system, you must log out. If you are sharing a system, this allows other people to log into your computer under their own accounts.

To log out:

1. You must exit OpenWindows to log out.
2. Move pointer into the Workspace.
3. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Workspace menu will appear. While still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer down and select Exit.
4. Release mouse button. A Notice appears asking you to confirm that you want to exit from OpenWindows.
5. Move pointer over to the Exit button and pressing the LEFT or right mouse button, select Exit.

If you wish to continue working and want to cancel the Exit command, move the pointer over to the Cancel button and pressing the LEFT or right mouse button, select Cancel.

Sun AnswerBook

Note:You must be running OpenWindows Version 3 on a Solaris system to view AnswerBook.

AnswerBooks are collections of on-line documentation you can browse, search, bookmark, and print. AnswerBooks are installed in your on-line Library.

To access your Library you use a pair of windows, the AnswerBook Navigator and AnswerBook Viewer. The AnswerBook Navigator is used to browse, search, bookmark and print. The AnswerBook Viewer is used to read and turn pages. Together you can:

• Scan and read documents just as you would on paper
• Browse the table of contents
• Search for specific topics you want to look up
• Place bookmarks
• Print an exact duplicate of any page, section or book
• Magnify or shrink the display as need
• Follow links, or cross references, to related information

To Start the AnswerBook Navigator

1. Move pointer into the Workspace.

2. Press the RIGHT mouse button. The Workspace menu will appear. While still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer over Programs, and to the right of the hollow triangle.

3. The Programs submenu will appear. As you continue to press the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer down until AnswerBook is selected.

4. Release the mouse button. The Programs submenu will disappear and after a few minutes, AnswerBook will appear.

AnswerBook Navigator opens and displays the contents of the Library: a hierarchical list of documents

The Navigator and the Viewer

To View a document from the Library, you first use the AnswerBook Navigator window to select the document; then use the AnswerBook Viewer to read the document.

We have just started AnswerBook and the Navigator window is open. The top pane has the title Location. In this section, the gray arrow shows your location and the document that is "open". The bottom pane of the Navigator window lists the Contents of the Library. Here you will see the set of AnswerBooks. By default, the first AnswerBook, Solaris XGL 3.0.2 AnswerBook is selected (highlighted).

To view an AnswerBook

1. Move your pointer to the title of the document you want to view. The documents that are in bold are documents which have detailed documents within that document. In this section, all of the AnswerBooks have expandable (detailed) documents.

2. Double-click (press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession) the LEFT mouse button.

3. The title of the first document you selected moves to the upper pane, (Location) with a gray arrow to show that it's "open".

4. The expanded documents of the AnswerBook you just selected, are displayed in the bottom pane, Contents of Library.

5. Repeat steps 1 and two.

   After a few minutes, the Viewer will display on your screen. In the Viewer, the document you selected will be loaded and ready to view.

   To return to an earlier document, click the LEFT mouse button on any heading in the upper pane, above the one marked with the gray arrow. The gray arrow points to the document that is opened.

6. To view another document in this level, with the LEFT mouse button, double-click the selected document.

About the Viewer

You can control the display in the Viewer in three ways:

• Turn pages forward and backward, or return to a previous document
• Follow cross-reference links to other documents.
• Magnify/shrink or resize the display.

To Turn Page

To turn pages forward in the Viewer

• In the title bar of the AnswerBook Viewer, you will see several buttons. In the right corner you will see a boxed right arrow button. This is the Next Page button. To view the next page, move the pointer to this button, and click the LEFT mouse button.

To turn pages backward in the Viewer

• In the title bar of the AnswerBook Viewer, you will see several buttons. In the right corner you will see a boxed left arrow button. This is the Previous Page button. To view the previous page, move the pointer to this button and click the LEFT mouse button.

To Go Back

The Go Back button returns the Viewer to the previously displayed page. Each time you Go Back, you retrace a step. Go Back is especially useful when you want to return to your original place after you follow a link.

• In the title bar of the AnswerBook Viewer, you will see several buttons. In the right corner you will see a button labeled Go Back. To Go Back, move the pointer to this button and click the LEFT mouse button.

Printing from the Viewer:

In the title bar of the AnswerBook Viewer, you will see several buttons. In the left corner you will see a button labeled Print....

1. Move the pointer to the Print... button, and click the LEFT mouse button. The Print... button will become highlighted and after a moment, the AnswerBook Viewer Print window will appear.

2. Set the desired printing options in the Viewer.

3. Move the pointer to the button labeled Print. Click the LEFT mouse button.

4. The Print button will become highlighted. When the command is processed, the Print button will become clear again.

To Close AnswerBook

1. Move the pointer to the abbreviated menu button or the title bar of the AnswerBook Navigator window.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Window menu.
3. Still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer over Close. It is now selected (highlighted).
4. Release the mouse button.

The AnswerBook Navigator will close to icon form at the bottom of your screen. To open it again, position the pointer over the icon, and double-click the LEFT mouse button.

To Quit AnswerBook

1. Move the pointer to the abbreviated menu button or the title bar of the AnswerBook Navigator window.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Window menu.
3. Still pressing the RIGHT mouse button, drag the pointer over Quit. Quit is now selected (highlighted).
4. Release the mouse button.

AnswerBook will disappear from your desktop. Note that when you quit the Navigator, both the Navigator and the Viewer quit the Workspace. If you quit the Viewer, the Navigator remains active until you quit it.

Help and Documentation for OpenWindows

To learn more about OpenWindows and its tools, consult the OpenWindows User's Guide, and the OpenWindows DeskSet Reference Guide. These are available in paper-copy at the Siegesmund Library in the Potter Engineering Center. On-line information is available via the Sun AnswerBook: Solaris 2.3 User AnswerBook.

To obtain the Help Menu

1. Move the pointer into the Workspace.
2. Press the RIGHT mouse button to display the Workspace menu.
3. Keep pressing the RIGHT mouse button and drag (slide) the pointer down the menu until the Help... handbook is selected.
4. Release the mouse button.

The Help Viewer window will appear containing the list of handbooks for quick reference of applications used in the OpenWindows environment.

To view a handbook:

1. Move the pointer to the document title you would like to view.
2. Double-click the LEFT mouse button.

The document you requested will be loaded in the same Help Viewer window (another window will not be spawned).

You can Close or Quit the Help Viewer as you would close and quit the other windows we have been discussing.