Base-64 Encoding

Notes about converting from and to base-64:

0-63 = 2^6. 2·2·2·2·2·2 (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64)

b₁b₂b₃b₄b₅b₆c₁c₂| c₃c₄c₅c₆d₁d₂d₃d₄| d₅d₆e₁e₂e₃e₄e₅e₆

4 characters yields 3 bytes.

• BC== - Pad 2 characters
• BCD= - Pad 1 character
• BCDE - No padding