In this study, we structured a toy design workshop to provide hands on and engaging design activities for middle school students, to help them develop self-efficacy beliefs in design, model and scaffold engineering design mindsets, and apply design concepts in engineering design. The research questions we intend to address include:
1. What is the influence of the toy design workshop on students’ self-efficacy?
2. What is the influence of the toy design workshop on students’ application of engineering design concepts during design?
