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Farm Family Safety and Health Workshop Revised edition
Chapter 9: Sample Farm Safety Lessons and DemonstrationsThe following short demonstrations can be used to provide valuable information for all types of farm safety programs. Most utilize some type of simulation to illustrate the principles involved when "accidents" occur. The lessons can be adapted for audiences of any age group, and require only a minimum of equipment and expense. You need not be an "expert" presenter to present these demonstrations. Each of the following lesson outlines provides instructions for conducting the demonstration, and lists key points and questions to help promote discussion among members of the audience. Two lesson outlines are provided for demonstrations in each of the following general topic areas:
Tractor SafetyTractor OverturnObjectiveEducate audience about causes of tractor overturns, means of preventing tractor overturns, and reducing the frequency and severity of injuries resulting from tractor overturns. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationSideways Overturns - Use the ramp and toy tractor to demonstrate how driving across a slope rather than straight up or down the slope will cause tractor rollovers. Rear Overturns - Hitch the weight sled to the drawbar of the toy tractor and drive the tractor forward. The tractor's front wheels will not come off the ground. Then hitch the weight higher on the tractor, such as near the seat or cab. Towing the heavy weight sled should pull the front tires off the ground and potentially cause a rear overturn. Effect of Ballast and Front Weights - If possible, attach front end weights to the toy tractor and demonstrate the effect of the weights on the potential for overturns. (Driving up a steep slope will be safer with proper ballast, and reduce the number of rear overturns). Effect of ROPS - If possible, show the benefits of ROPS by performing a roll-over using a tractor with ROPS (cab or bar, with "seat belt") and one without ROPS. The visual impact of this demonstration can be enhanced if a small cloth doll is placed in the operator seat. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Tractor and Equipment RunoverObjectiveInform audience about the risks involved with being an extra rider on farm tractors or equipment. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationWith the older non-ROPS equipped tractor in a stationary position, have the youngster sit on the seat. Point out how difficult it would be to operate the tractor as well as supervise a small child. Then have the child sit on the operator's lap or fender and point out the potential for distractions to the operator and the possibility of falls from the equipment. On the cab equipped tractor, conduct the same demonstration, pointing out that children and adults can fall from enclosed tractor cabs, resulting in serious injury or death. Describe how easily a small child could engage the PTO or bump the hydraulic control levers in the cab while the operator went back to work on a piece of machinery. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Power Take-Off SafetySpeed of Equipment and PTO EntanglementsObjectiveIllustrate in a memorable way the speed with which farm equipment entanglements can occur. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationObtain two volunteers from the audience. Let one hold the boot and have the other grab the end of the shoestring which is coiled inside. After asking the following questions and discussing the key points, ask the individual with the shoestring to begin walking and see how long the shoestring is. This demonstration can be made more interesting by creating a scenario in which one person is sitting on the tractor seat and sees his/her partner get a shoestring caught in the PTO shaft while working. Talk about how the amount of time required for a person to react and shut off the PTO will be approximately 3 to 4 seconds. Then see how long a shoestring must be to provide sufficient reaction time. You may also illustrate this demonstration on a chalkboard by calculating the length of string which will be entangled during the 3 to 4 seconds required to respond. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
PTO EntanglementObjectiveShow the causes and potentially devastating effects of entanglement on a rotating PTO shaft, and how fast such an incident can occur. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationBefore the presentation, tie the dummy's leg to the yoke of the PTO shaft near the tractor. This simulates a shoestring being caught on the rotating shaft and ensures that the dummy will suffer some damage. After discussing the provided key points with the audience, start the tractor and engage the power take-off to entangle the "victim." You might want to experiment with this demonstration a couple of times before doing it in front of an audience. Caution!! Only individuals familiar with the equipment should be allowed to conduct this demonstration. Never attempt to entangle string, clothing, or a dummy in a revolving shaft. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Grain Handling SafetyFlowing Grain EntrapmentObjectiveShow the dangers of flowing grain by demonstrating how a person can become caught and suffocate in grain storage facilities or transport vehicles. Demonstration Aids Required
Making a Model Grain BinA clear plastic or Plexiglas bottle or container 10 to 14 inches in diameter can be used to make a "bin." Five gallon water bottles with the top spout cut off have been used successfully for this purpose. Cut a 1" round hole in the center of the bottom of the container. Use a rubber stopper or threaded PVC cap to close the opening. Conducting the DemonstrationDiscuss how flowing grain entrapments occur. Place the toy "victim" in the model grain bin. Explain that with no grain flowing, a person will not sink in the grain, unless there is a void caused by a surface crust. Start the "unloading auger" by removing the plug from the bottom of the model. The victim will be drawn into the flowing grain and pulled to the auger where the grain is leaving the bin. Point out the speed of the entrapment in the model is no faster than in "real life." Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Auger EntanglementObjectiveDescribe how an auger can "grab" and injure a hand or foot. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationThis short demonstration is completed by holding a glove or other object near the end of the example auger and rotating the flighting. The flighting will quickly pull the glove into the tube. You can also have a volunteer place fingers on the exposed flighting and slowly rotate the flighting to draw the person's fingers toward the auger tube. Caution!! Be very careful not to rotate the flighting too fast--you could cut the person's fingers. Use the auger guard to demonstrate how it is designed to keep hands and feet away from the rotating auger, but does not guarantee against injury. Simply have a member of the audience stick his/her fingers through the wire mesh guard and explain that the fingers could still be caught or mangled in the auger. This step highlights that guards and shields are an essential part of injury prevention if kept in place, but not a substitute for being careful around machinery. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Pesticide SafetyPersonal Protective Equipment for PesticidesObjectiveDescribe the basic types of personal protective equipment for mixing pesticides, as well as proper techniques for pouring a liquid chemical. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationPlace the personal protective equipment near the demonstration area in plain sight. Without mentioning the purpose of the demonstration or the protective gear, ask a volunteer from the audience to pour the contents of the "chemical" jug into the "tank." Point out the spillage that may occur and any contact the volunteer has with the container's contents. Next, have the volunteer put on the gloves, long sleeved shirt, and goggles before pouring the "chemical" a second time. When pouring the "chemical" the volunteer should hold the container sideways to allow the liquid to flow smoothly. Finally, the "chemical handler" should shake the container to remove any remaining "chemical." If the volunteer performs the task correctly, have the person explain each step. If not, have the volunteer start over, and explain the correct method for pouring a liquid chemical. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Triple Rinsing Chemical ContainersObjectiveExplain proper procedure for triple rinsing chemical containers, including the use of spray nozzles that are sometimes used to replace the traditional triple rinse procedure. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationObtain a volunteer from the audience. Ask the volunteer to triple rinse the chemical jug as if he or she had just emptied the container into the tank. The volunteer should wear the personal protective equipment provided, and rinse and dump the contents of the jug into the tank three times. After completing the triple rinse, the volunteer should cut a slit in the bottom of the jug to prevent reuse of the container (this can be simulated, if you need the jug for more demonstrations). Next, have the same (or a different) volunteer use an approved triple rinse nozzle to rinse a container. The nozzle is designed to punch a hole in the container, and will provide an acceptable rinse in 30 seconds of continuous flushing. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Emergency ResponseMaking an Emergency Phone CallObjectiveDescribe the proper actions for notifying emergency services by phone, and highlight the importance of having emergency information posted by all phones. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationDescribe a scenario in which an individual is caught and injured in a piece of farm equipment. Have a volunteer use the telephone to make a mock call to the local EMS. The quality of the presentation can be enhanced by choosing your volunteer before the demonstration, and providing the person with instructions on what he or she is expected to do. The presenter will serve as the dispatcher. The volunteer will only have the telephone book to find emergency numbers. Once the call is made the dispatcher will ask the caller for the farm's phone number, address, and a description of the accident. Then the dispatcher will ask for directions to the farm. The caller should have difficulty giving directions and providing needed information because it is not easily accessible. Point out that panic would make the situation worse, especially if the caller was a child, a visitor to the farm, or someone unfamiliar with the area. Repeat the activity, using a different volunteer. Place the information sheet near the phone. The sheet should provide phone numbers for EMS or the sheriff's office, eliminating the need to find it in a phone book. Then, the caller need only read the information on the sheet to provide the dispatcher with clear directions to the accident site. The caller should not hang up the phone until the dispatcher says to do so. For added interest, use a stopwatch to compare the time required to successfully complete each call. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
First Aid for Bleeding InjuriesObjectiveExplain the proper actions for stopping severe bleeding in an emergency situation and techniques for applying direct pressure to a wound. Demonstration Aids Required
Conducting the DemonstrationThis demonstration should be conducted by a person trained in first aid, such as a nurse or EMT. Obtain a volunteer from the audience to be an injury "victim" and draw a bleeding cut on his or her arm with the red marker. Tell the audience that the person has severe arterial bleeding and will die within minutes if the bleeding is not stopped. Ask another audience volunteer to stop the bleeding the best and quickest way possible with the materials available. The person should put on the gloves, make a pad with the bandage material, and apply direct pressure to the wound. Assume the victim bleeds through the bandage. The first aid provider should leave the bandage on the wound and add more clean material to the top of the bandage. A tourniquet should not be used. Explain that the vast majority of bleeding cases can be stopped with direct pressure, and that the use of a tourniquet nearly always means the loss of a limb. If bleeding continues, the first aid provider should apply additional bandages, elevate the injured part (if this can be done without causing further damage), or apply pressure at "pressure points" located at the femoral (leg) or brachial (arm) arteries. Be sure to point out the importance of wearing latex surgical gloves to prevent exposure to blood-borne diseases. Discussion Questions
Key Points to Discuss
Last updated: 18-May-2006 11:08 AM
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