This project is focused on the development of state-of-the-art subgrid-scale modeling for an accurate descrtipion of transitional, wall-bounded and high-Reynolds number turbulence. A new approach termed Coherent-vorticity preserving LES (CvP) has been developed and aims at injecting subgrid dissipation only in regions where under-resolved, fully developed turbulence is present. The approach is based on the scale separation of the enstrophy field using test-filtering in order to separate regions dominated by coherent vortices from broadband turbulence. The resulting turbulence sensor function can be coupled to any subgrid model and lowers effectively the intensity of subgrid stresses in the vicinity of coherent vortices. The method is applied to various high-Reynolds number flows relevant to rotor-wake dynamics, such as the bursting process occuring in knotted vortices, the mutual induction of arrays of helical vortices and turbulent-turbulent wake dynamics.