Rare Earth Elements

39

Y

Yttrium

IT-ri-em

Yttrium (Y) is a silvery metal that has the atomic number 39 in the periodic table. It is a Transition metal and located in Group 3 of the periodic table.

Yttrium is classified as a rare earth element due to its rarity on earth. It is never found as a free element but usually found in a compound with the lanthanides. Yttrium was discovered in 1787 by Carl Axel Arrhenius in the town of Ytterby, Sweden. In the mineral sample that Arrhenius analysed the elemental Yttrium was isolated in 1828 by Friedrich W�hler. The most important use of Yttrium is in the production of LEDs, phosphors and electrodes. Strontium is located in Group 3 as a Transition metal. It has a melting point of 1526�c and a boiling point of 2930�c.

COUNTRY�of ORIGIN:

Australia, Brazil, China, India, United States

USES:

No items found.

Yttrium is used as catalyst in catalytic converters to reduce automotive carbon monoxide emissions and as a phosphor in TV screens, producing the red color. When alloyed with aluminum, magnesium and chromium, it acts to strengthen those metals. It is also used as a material in superconductors and lasers. An isotope of yttrium, Y90, is used in needles for certain surgical procedures.

Orbital Configuration

2,8,18,9,2

39

Protons

39

Electrons

50

Neutrons

Discovered in

1794

by :

Johann Gadolin

Yttrium

Stats

Element Symbol

Atomic Weight

Atomic Number

State

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Heat of Vaporization

Crystal Structure

Thermoconductivity

Shells

Group

Period

Block

Orbitals

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Covalent Radius

Density at 293K

Electrical Conductivity

First Ionization Potential

Second Ionization Potential

Third Ionization Potential

Ionic Radius

Oxydation States

Lattice Parameter

Lattice Parameter 2

Y

88.906

39

Solid

1522 �C

3345 �C

363 kJ/mol

Hexagonal

0.172 W/cmK

2,8,18,9,2

Transition Metal

5

D Block

[Kr] 4d1 5s2

11.3 10^-6 K^-1

1.62 �

4.47 g/cm�

0.0166 10^6/cm ohm

6.217 V

12.24 V

20.52 V

1.02 (+3) �

3

3.6475 �

7.25 �

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1

H

Hydrogen

2

He

Helium

3

Li

Lithium

4

Be

Beryllium

5

B

Boron

6

C

Carbon

7

N

Nitrogen

8

O

Oxygen

9

F

Fluorine

10

Ne

Neon

11

Na

Sodium

12

Mg

Magnesium

13

Al

Aluminium

14

Si

Silicon

15

P

Phosphorus

16

S

Sulfur

17

Cl

Chlorine

18

Ar

Argon

19

K

Potassium

20

Ca

Calcium

22

Ti

Titanium

23

V

Vanadium

24

Cr

Chromium

25

Mn

Manganese

26

Fe

Iron

27

Co

Colbalt

28

Ni

Nickel

29

Cu

Copper

30

Zn

Zinc

31

Ga

Gallium

32

Ge

Germanium

33

As

Arsenic

34

Se

Selenium

35

Br

Bromine

36

Kr

Krypton

37

Rb

Rubidium

38

Sr

Strontium

40

Zr

Zirconium

41

Nb

Niobium

42

Mo

Molybdenum

43

Tc

Technetium

44

Ru

Ruthenium

45

Rh

Rhodium

46

Pd

Palladium

47

Ag

Silver

48

Cd

Cadmium

49

In

Iridium

50

Sn

Tin

51

Sb

Antimony

52

Te

Tellurium

53

I

Iodine

54

Xe

Xenon

55

Cs

Caesium

56

Ba

Barium

56

*

72

Hf

Hafnium

73

Ta

Tantalum

74

W

Tungsten

75

Re

Rhenium

76

Os

Osmium

77

Ir

Iridium

78

Pt

Platinum

79

Au

Gold

80

Hg

Mercury

81

Tl

Vanadium

82

Pb

Lead

83

Bi

Bismuth

84

Po

Polonium

85

At

Astatine

86

Rn

Radon

87

Fr

Francium

88

Ra

Radium

89

**

104

Rf

Rutherfordium

105

Db

Dubnium

106

Sg

Seaborgium

107

Bh

Bohrium

108

Hs

Hassium

109

Mt

Meitnerium

110

Ds

Darmstadtium

111

Rg

Roentgenium

112

Cn

Copernicium

113

Nh

Nionium

114

Fl

Flerovium

115

Mc

Moscovium

116

Lv

Livermorium

117

Ts

Tennessine

118

Og

Oganesson

89

*

89

**

89

Ac

Actinium

90

Th

Thorium

91

Pa

Protactinium

92

U

Uranium

93

Np

Neptunium

94

Pu

Plutonium

95

Am

Americium

96

Cm

Curium

97

Bk

Berkelium

98

Cf

Californium

99

Es

Einsteinium

100

Fm

Fermium

101

Md

Mendelevium

102

No

Nobelium

103

Lr

Lawrencium

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