Research Area 03

Network Integrated Photonics

Quantum frequency processors use electro-optic modulation, pulse shaping, and related tools to perform controllable operations on frequency-bin states.

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Publications in this area

  1. Beyond critical coupling: optimal design considerations for spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators,

    J. M. Lukens, K. V. Myilswamy, A. Miloshevsky, H.-H. Lu.

    Optics Express 34, 2782–2798 (2026).    doi: 10.1364/OE.585584

  2. High-resolution tunable frequency beamsplitter enabled by an integrated silicon pulse shaper,

    C.-Y. Su, K. Wu, L. M. Cohen, S. Fatema, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens, J. D. McKinney.

    arXiv:2601.23028 (2026).    doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2601.23028

  3. A paradigm for universal quantum information processing with integrated acousto-optic frequency beamsplitters,

    J. M. Lukens, J. H. Dallyn, H.-H. Lu, N. I. Wasserbeck, A. J. Graf, M. Gehl, P. S. Davids, N. T. Otterstrom.

    arXiv:2601.06752 (2026)    doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2601.06752

  4. Optimal coupling for spontaneous four-wave mixing in microring resonators,

    J. M. Lukens, K. V. Myilswamy, A. Miloshevsky, H.-H. Lu.

    FTh4B.5, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  5. High-purity photon-pair generation from a dual interferometrically coupled SiN microring,

    V. V. Wankhade, J. O. Gerguis, L. M. Cohen, M. Qi, J. M. Lukens, J. D. McKinney.

    FTh4B.3, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  6. Arbitrary control of high dimensional biphoton spectral interference,

    C.-Y. Su, H. Alaeian, J. D. McKinney, J. M. Lukens.

    FTh3A.4, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  7. Cascaded inter-modal acousto-optics in a CMOS-fabricated silicon photonic circuit,

    A. Graf, F. Hubert, P. Davids, M. Gehl, A. L. Starbuck, P. Rakich, J. M. Lukens, N. T. Otterstrom.

    STu2C.1, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  8. Unitary acousto-optic beam splitters for frequency domain quantum information processing,

    J. H. Dallyn, H.-H. Lu, N. I. Wasserbeck, P. S. Davids, J. M. Lukens, N. T. Otterstrom.

    FM1A.8, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  9. On-chip pulse shaping of entangled photons,

    K. Wu, L. M. Cohen, K. V. Myilswamy, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    Physical Review Research 7, 033015 (2025)    doi: 10.1103/kvcq-4zqc

  10. On-chip frequency-bin quantum photonics,

    K. V. Myilswamy, L. M. Cohen, S. Seshadri, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens.

    Nanophotonics 14, 1879–1894 (2025)    doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0585

  11. 3 GHz-spaced frequency beam splitter using an on-chip pulse shaper,

    C.-Y. Su, K. Wu, L. M. Cohen, S. Fatema, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens, J. D. McKinney.

    FF118-1, CLEO, Long Beach, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2025.FF118_1

  12. Manipulation of narrowband biphoton temporal correlations using an on-chip spectral shaper,

    L. M. Cohen, K. Wu, K. V. Myilswamy, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    FF107-2, CLEO, Long Beach, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2025.FF107_2

  13. A single-photon polarization-frequency controlled-NOT gate,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, M. Alshowkan, B. T. Kirby, N. A. Peters.

    FF105-3, CLEO, Long Beach, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2025.FF105_3

  14. Building a controlled-NOT gate between polarization and frequency,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, M. Alshowkan, B. T. Kirby, N. A. Peters.

    Optica Quantum 2, 282–287 (2024)    doi: 10.1364/opticaq.525837

  15. Shaping of time-resolved biphoton correlations with a microresonator-based spectral shaper,

    L. M. Cohen, K. Wu, K. V. Myilswamy, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    FTu4F.4, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2024.FTu4F.4

  16. Polarization–frequency hyperentangled photons: generation, characterization, and manipulation,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, K. V. Myilswamy, M. Alshowkan, B. T. Kirby, A. M. Weiner, N. A. Peters.

    130280H, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, National Harbor, MD    doi: 10.1117/12.3021561

  17. Characterization of quantum frequency processors,

    H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 29, 6300112 (2023)    doi: 10.1109/jstqe.2023.3266662

  18. Modeling integrated quantum frequency processors towards robust quantum networks,

    B. E. Nussbaum, A. J. Pizzimenti, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens.

    124460I, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.2649212

  19. Biphoton spectral quantum interference for information processing and delay metrology,

    S. Seshadri, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    1244605, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.2656881

  20. Design methodologies for integrated quantum frequency processors,

    B. E. Nussbaum, A. J. Pizzimenti, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens.

    Journal of Lightwave Technology 40, 7648–7657 (2022)    doi: 10.1109/jlt.2022.3192759

  21. Complete frequency-bin Bell basis synthesizer,

    S. Seshadri, H.-H. Lu, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Physical Review Letters 129, 230505 (2022)    doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.230505

  22. High-dimensional discrete Fourier transform gates with the quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Optics Express 30, 10126–10134 (2022)    doi: 10.1364/oe.454677

  23. Bell state analyzer for spectrally distinct photons,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, D. E. Leaird, S. Estrella, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    Optica 9, 280–283 (2022)    doi: 10.1364/optica.443302

  24. Modeling integrated quantum frequency processors,

    B. E. Nussbaum, A. J. Pizzimenti, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens.

    TuG2.3, IEEE Photonics Conference, Vancouver, Canada    doi: 10.1109/IPC53466.2022.9975677

  25. Quantum delay metrology with complete frequency-bin Bell basis synthesizer,

    S. Seshadri, H.-H. Lu, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    JTu4A.30, Frontiers in Optics, Rochester, NY    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2022.JTu4A.30

  26. Non-Gaussian state design with the quantum frequency processor,

    A. J. Pizzimenti, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters, S. Guha, C. Gagatsos.

    FTu5A.3, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FTu5A.3

  27. Non-Gaussian photonic state engineering with the quantum frequency processor,

    A. J. Pizzimenti, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters, S. Guha, C. N. Gagatsos.

    Physical Review A 104, 062437 (2021)    doi: 10.1103/physreva.104.062437

  28. Scaling the discrete Fourier transform gate in the quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    FTu1N.8, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2021.FTu1N.8

  29. A programmable electro-optic Bell-state analyzer for spectrally distinguishable photons,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, D. E. Leaird, S. Estrella, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    FTu1N.5, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2021.FTu1N.5

  30. Fully arbitrary control of frequency-bin qubits,

    H.-H. Lu, E. M. Simmerman, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Physical Review Letters 125, 120503 (2020)    doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503

  31. Agile frequency transformations for dense wavelength-multiplexed communications,

    H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, B. P. Williams, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Optics Express 28, 20379–20390 (2020)    doi: 10.1364/oe.396142

  32. All-optical frequency processor for networking applications,

    J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, 1678–1687 (2020)    doi: 10.1109/jlt.2019.2953363

  33. Quantum memristors in frequency-entangled optical fields,

    T. Gonzalez-Raya, J. M. Lukens, L. C. Céleri, M. Sanz.

    Materials 13, 864 (2020)    doi: 10.3390/ma13040864

  34. A Bell-state analyzer for photonic frequency,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, D. E. Leaird, S. Estrella, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    PD4, IEEE Photonics Conference    doi: 10.1109/IPC47351.2020.9252223

  35. Arbitrary single-qubit transformations on a quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, E. M. Simmerman, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    MI2.1, IEEE Photonics Conference    doi: 10.1109/IPC47351.2020.9252346

  36. All-optical frequency hopping and broadcasting in wavelength-multiplexed channels,

    J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    SF2L.2, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_SI.2020.SF2L.2

  37. Polarization diversity phase modulator for frequency-bin operations with hyperentangled biphoton frequency combs,

    N. B. Lingaraju, N. O'Malley, D. E. Jones, O. E. Sandoval, H. N. Azzouz, D. E. Leaird, J. M. Lukens, M. Brodsky, A. M. Weiner.

    FF1D.5, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2020.FF1D.5

  38. Quantum information processing with frequency-comb qudits,

    H.-H. Lu, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski, J. M. Lukens.

    IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31, 1858–1861 (2019)    doi: 10.1109/lpt.2019.2942136

  39. Quantum information processing in the frequency domain,

    H.-H. Lu, P. Imany, N. B. Lingaraju, M. S. Alshaykh, O. D. Odele, A. J. Moore, D. E. Leaird, M. Qi, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens, B. P. Williams, N. A. Peters, P. Lougovski, J. A. Jaramillo-Villegas.

    Optics & Photonics News 30(11), 43 (2019)    doi: https://www.optica-opn.org/home/articles/volume_30/december_2019/extras/frequency-domain_quantum_information_processing/

  40. Simulations of subatomic many-body physics on a quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, N. Klco, J. M. Lukens, T. D. Morris, A. Bansal, A. Ekström, G. Hagen, T. Papenbrock, A. M. Weiner, M. J. Savage, P. Lougovski.

    Physical Review A 100, 012320 (2019)    doi: 10.1103/physreva.100.012320

  41. High-dimensional optical quantum logic in large operational spaces,

    P. Imany, J. A. Jaramillo-Villegas, M. S. Alshaykh, J. M. Lukens, O. D. Odele, A. J. Moore, D. E. Leaird, M. Qi, A. M. Weiner.

    npj Quantum Information 5, 59 (2019)    doi: 10.1038/s41534-019-0173-8

  42. A controlled-NOT gate for frequency-bin qubits,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, B. P. Williams, P. Imany, N. A. Peters, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    npj Quantum Information 5, 24 (2019)    doi: 10.1038/s41534-019-0137-z

  43. All-optical processing with dynamic frequency transformations,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    8908514, IEEE Photonics Conference, San Antonio, TX    doi: 10.1109/IPCon.2019.8908514

  44. Generation of a non-separable two-qudit state using a time-frequency SUM operation,

    P. Imany, M. S. Alshaykh, J. M. Lukens, J. A. Jaramillo-Villegas, A. J. Moore, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner.

    Th1A.4, Coherence and Quantum Optics, Rochester, NY    doi: 10.1364/CQO.2019.Th1A.4

  45. Bayesian machine learning of frequency-bin CNOT,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, B. P. Williams, P. Imany, N. A. Peters, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    FF1F.3, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2019.FF1F.3

  46. Subatomic many-body physics simulations on a quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, N. Klco, J. M. Lukens, T. D. Morris, A. Bansal, A. Ekström, G. Hagen, T. Papenbrock, A. M. Weiner, M. J. Savage, P. Lougovski.

    FTh3A.6, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2019.FTh3A.6

  47. Quantum information processing with frequency-bin qubits: progress, status, and challenges,

    J. M. Lukens.

    JTu4A.3, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_AT.2019.JTu4A.3

  48. A two-qudit operation on a 256-dimensional Hilbert space,

    P. Imany, M. S. Alshaykh, J. M. Lukens, J. A. Jaramillo-Villegas, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner.

    JTu3A.3, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_AT.2019.JTu3A.3

  49. Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. P. Williams, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    Optica 5, 1455–1460 (2018)    doi: 10.1364/optica.5.001455

  50. Electro-optic frequency beamsplitters and tritters for high-fidelity quantum information processing,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, O. D. Odele, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    Physical Review Letters 120, 030502 (2018)    doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.030502

  51. Experimental demonstration of CNOT gate for frequency-encoded qubits,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, P. Imany, N. A. Peters, B. P. Williams, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    JTu3A.55, Frontiers in Optics, Washington, DC    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2018.JTu3A.55

  52. Two-qudit deterministic optical quantum logic in a single photon,

    P. Imany, J. A. Jaramillo-Villegas, J. M. Lukens, O. D. Odele, D. E. Leaird, M. Qi, A. M. Weiner.

    JTu2A.53, Frontiers in Optics, Washington, DC    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2018.JTu2A.53

  53. Two-photon interference and entanglement control via reconfigurable quantum frequency processor,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. P. Williams, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    JTh5B.3, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_AT.2018.JTh5B.3

  54. Frequency-encoded photonic qubits for scalable quantum information processing,

    J. M. Lukens, P. Lougovski.

    Optica 4, 8–16 (2017)    doi: 10.1364/optica.4.000008

  55. Linear-optical frequency beamsplitter for fiber-optic quantum networks,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, O. D. Odele, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    Th454, QCrypt, Cambridge, UK

  56. Electro-optic frequency beamsplitter for quantum networking applications,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, O. D. Odele, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    JW4A.23, Frontiers in Optics, Washington, DC    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2017.JW4A.23

  57. Optical quantum computing with spectral qubits,

    J. M. Lukens, P. Lougovski.

    FTh5F.5, Frontiers in Optics, Rochester, NY    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2016.FTh5F.5