Research Area 02

Quantum Networking

This area focuses on distributing, routing, stabilizing, and verifying quantum states through realistic optical communication links and network infrastructure.

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Publications in this area

  1. In situ quantum verification of polarization-stabilized optical channels,

    M. L. Stevens, N. I. Wasserbeck, Z. Goisman, A. Rahman, J. M. Record, T. Truong, A. Haqq, M. Alshowkan, B. T. Kirby, N. T. Otterstrom, J. M. Lukens.

    Physical Review Applied 25, 034090 (2026).    doi: 10.1103/63wh-4x54

  2. Solving routing and spectrum allocation in arbitrary flex-grid quantum networks,

    Z. Goisman, M. L. Stevens, T. Truong, G. Vardoyan, D. Towsley, N. A. Peters, N. S. V. Rao, G. Xue, J. M. Lukens.

    FTh3D.5, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  3. Wavelength contention in an entanglement network,

    M. Alshowkan, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    FTh2A.5, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  4. In situ quantum verification of polarization-stabilized optical channels,

    M. L. Stevens, N. I. Wasserbeck, Z. Goisman, A. Rahman, J. M. Record, T. Truong, A. Haqq, M. Alshowkan, B. T. Kirby, N. T. Otterstrom, J. M. Lukens.

    FTh2A.2, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  5. Toward ancilla-assisted process tomography for dynamic in-situ metrology of metropolitan quantum network links,

    C. M. Nunn, W. McKenzie, E. Dowling, J. Su, D. E. Jones, I. A. Burenkov, S. V. Polyakov, J. M. Lukens, B. T. Kirby.

    JW1.103, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/TBD

  6. Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks,

    J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. Qi.

    Progress in Quantum Electronics 103, 100586 (2025)    doi: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100586

  7. Resilient entanglement distribution in a multihop quantum network,

    M. Alshowkan, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters.

    Journal of Lightwave Technology 43, 9016–9023 (2025)    doi: 10.1109/JLT.2025.3581220

  8. Automatic protection switching in an entanglement-based quantum network,

    M. Alshowkan, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters.

    FF115-6, CLEO, Long Beach, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2025.FF115_6

  9. Testbed and experiments for quantum-conventional networking,

    N. S. V. Rao, M. Alshowkan, J. C. Chapman, H.-H. Lu, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens, G. Xue, S. Guha, E. Van Milligen, D. Towsley, G. Vardayan, L. Bacciottini, L. Fan.

    pp. 151–158, IEEE International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC), Nara, Japan    doi: 10.1109/QCNC64685.2025.00031

  10. Procrustean entanglement concentration in quantum-classical networking,

    H.-H. Lu, M. Alshowkan, J. Alnas, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    Physical Review Applied 21, 044027 (2024)    doi: 10.1103/physrevapplied.21.044027

  11. Foundry-fabricated photonic integrated circuit for flex-grid entanglement distribution,

    A. Miloshevsky, H.-H. Lu, L. M. Cohen, K. V. Myilswamy, S. Fatema, M. Alshowkan, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    JW2A.139, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_AT.2024.JW2A.139

  12. Procrustean entanglement concentration for quantum-classical coexistence,

    H.-H. Lu, M. Alshowkan, J. Alnas, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    FTu3F.3, CLEO, Charlotte, NC    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2024.FTu3F.3

  13. CMOS photonic integrated circuit for flex-grid polarization entanglement,

    A. Miloshevsky, H.-H. Lu, L. M. Cohen, K. V. Myilswamy, S. Fatema, M. Alshowkan, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Tu3C.6, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, CA    doi: 10.1364/OFC.2024.Tu3C.6

  14. Toward quantum networking with frequency-bin qudits,

    K. V. Myilswamy, S. Seshadri, H.-H. Lu, J. Liu, T. J. Kippenberg, J. M. Lukens, A. M. Weiner.

    129111A, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.3008755

  15. Generation and characterization of ultrabroadband polarization–frequency hyperentangled photons,

    H.-H. Lu, M. Alshowkan, K. V. Myilswamy, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    Optics Letters 48, 6031–6034 (2023)    doi: 10.1364/ol.503127

  16. Coexistent quantum channel characterization using spectrally resolved Bayesian quantum process tomography,

    J. C. Chapman, J. M. Lukens, M. Alshowkan, N. Rao, B. T. Kirby, N. A. Peters.

    Physical Review Applied 19, 044026 (2023)    doi: 10.1103/physrevapplied.19.044026

  17. Procrustean entanglement concentration in dense wavelength-division multiplexing,

    H.-H. Lu, M. Alshowkan, J. Alnas, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    WA1.3, IEEE Photonics Conference, Orlando, FL    doi: 10.1109/IPC57732.2023.10360731

  18. Throughput measurements and capacity estimations for quantum connections,

    N. S. V. Rao, M. Alshowkan, J. C. Chapman, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    10226117, IEEE NetSciQCom, Hoboken, NJ    doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS57453.2023.10226117

  19. Polarization-entangled source for flex-grid C+L-band quantum networks,

    M. Alshowkan, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. T. Kirby, B. P. Williams, W. P. Grice, N. A. Peters.

    FM2L.2, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_FS.2023.FM2L.2

  20. Modeling integrated quantum frequency processors towards robust quantum networks,

    B. E. Nussbaum, A. J. Pizzimenti, N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens.

    124460I, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.2649212

  21. Coexistent quantum channel characterization using quantum process tomography with spectrally resolved detection,

    J. C. Chapman, J. M. Lukens, M. Alshowkan, N. S. V. Rao, B. T. Kirby, N. A. Peters.

    124460F, SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.2655801

  22. Broadband polarization-entangled source for C+L-band flex-grid quantum networks,

    M. Alshowkan, J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. T. Kirby, B. P. Williams, W. P. Grice, N. A. Peters.

    Optics Letters 47, 6480–6483 (2022)    doi: 10.1364/ol.471363

  23. A wavelength-multiplexing toolkit for quantum networking,

    H.-H. Lu, M. Alshowkan, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens, K. V. Myilswamy, A. M. Weiner, N. B. Lingaraju.

    Optics & Photonics News 33(11), 47 (2022)    doi: https://www.optica-opn.org/home/articles/volume_33/december_2022/extras/a_wavelength-multiplexing_toolkit_for_quantum_netw/

  24. Optimal resource allocation for flexible-grid entanglement distribution networks,

    J. Alnas, M. Alshowkan, N. S. V. Rao, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    Optics Express 30, 24375–24393 (2022)    doi: 10.1364/oe.458358

  25. Advanced architectures for high-performance quantum networking,

    M. Alshowkan, P. G. Evans, B. P. Williams, N. S. V. Rao, C. E. Marvinney, Y.-Y. Pai, B. J. Lawrie, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 14, 493–499 (2022)    doi: 10.1364/jocn.450201

  26. Site-to-site tunnels authenticated by quantum keys,

    N. S. V. Rao, M. Alshowkan, A. Al-Najjar, S. E. Hicks, P. G. Evans, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    WF2.4, IEEE Photonics Conference, Vancouver, Canada    doi: 10.1109/IPC53466.2022.9975775

  27. Scalable and secure architecture for quantum networks,

    M. Alshowkan, P. G. Evans, B. P. Williams, N. S. V. Rao, C. E. Marvinney, Y.-Y. Pai, B. J. Lawrie, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    MB1.4, IEEE Photonics Conference, Vancouver, Canada    doi: 10.1109/IPC53466.2022.9975679

  28. Optimizing resource allocation in flex-grid entanglement distribution networks,

    J. Alnas, M. Alshowkan, N. S. V. Rao, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    MB1.3, IEEE Photonics Conference, Vancouver, Canada    doi: 10.1109/IPC53466.2022.9975760

  29. Investigation of microwave transducers for linearity dependence and applications in quantum networking,

    S. Bolton, J. M. Lukens, C. Moseley, M. Woodson, S. Estrella, S. Sun, S. M. Kim, P. Kung.

    122380C, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, San Diego, CA    doi: 10.1117/12.2633522

  30. Synchronizing a quantum local area network with White Rabbit,

    M. Alshowkan, P. G. Evans, B. P. Williams, N. S. V. Rao, C. E. Marvinney, Y.-Y. Pai, B. J. Lawrie, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    FM1C.4, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FM1C.4

  31. Quantum networking and communications at Oak Ridge National Laboratory,

    N. A. Peters, M. Alshowkan, J. C. Chapman, P. G. Evans, D. A. Hooper, W. P. Grice, H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, R. C. Pooser, C. E. Marvinney, A. Miloshevsky, B. P. Williams, B. A. Wilson.

    979780, IEEE INFOCOMM    doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS54753.2022.9797980

  32. A deployed quantum local area network with flex-grid technology,

    M. Alshowkan, B. P. Williams, P. G. Evans, N. S. V. Rao, E. M. Simmerman, H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, A. M. Weiner, C. E. Marvinney, Y.-Y. Pai, B. J. Lawrie, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    A35.00004, APS March Meeting, Chicago, IL

  33. Lessons learned on the interface between quantum and conventional networking,

    M. Alshowkan, N. S. V. Rao, J. C. Chapman, B. P. Williams, P. G. Evans, R. C. Pooser, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters.

    Communications in Computer and Information Science 1512, 262–279 (2022)    doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-96498-6_15

  34. Reconfigurable quantum local area network over deployed fiber,

    M. Alshowkan, B. P. Williams, P. G. Evans, N. S. V. Rao, E. M. Simmerman, H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, A. M. Weiner, C. E. Marvinney, Y.-Y. Pai, B. J. Lawrie, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    PRX Quantum 2, 040304 (2021)    doi: 10.1103/prxquantum.2.040304

  35. Adaptive bandwidth management for entanglement distribution in quantum networks,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, S. Seshadri, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Optica 8, 329–332 (2021)    doi: 10.1364/optica.413657

  36. Remote state preparation in a reconfigurable quantum local area network,

    M. Alshowkan, B. P. Williams, P. G. Evans, N. S. V. Rao, E. M. Simmerman, H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, A. M. Weiner, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    TuD3.3, IEEE Photonics Conference    doi: 10.1109/IPC48725.2021.9593052

  37. A reconfigurable quantum local area network over deployed fiber,

    M. Alshowkan, B. P. Williams, P. G. Evans, N. S. V. Rao, E. M. Simmerman, H.-H. Lu, N. B. Lingaraju, A. M. Weiner, N. A. Peters, J. M. Lukens.

    FF2J.4, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2021.FF2J.4

  38. Agile frequency transformations for dense wavelength-multiplexed communications,

    H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, B. P. Williams, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    Optics Express 28, 20379–20390 (2020)    doi: 10.1364/oe.396142

  39. All-optical frequency processor for networking applications,

    J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, 1678–1687 (2020)    doi: 10.1109/jlt.2019.2953363

  40. Harnessing entanglement in polarization state and frequency-bin for quantum communication and networking,

    N. B. Lingaraju, N. O'Malley, D. E. Jones, O. E. Sandoval, H. N. Azzouz, D. E. Leaird, J. M. Lukens, M. Brodsky, A. M. Weiner.

    QW6A.15, OSA Quantum 2.0    doi: 10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QW6A.15

  41. Flex-grid spectrum allocation for entanglement distribution in quantum networks,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, S. Seshadri, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    QW6A.9, OSA Quantum 2.0    doi: 10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QW6A.9

  42. All-optical frequency hopping and broadcasting in wavelength-multiplexed channels,

    J. M. Lukens, H.-H. Lu, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    SF2L.2, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_SI.2020.SF2L.2

  43. Adaptive bandwidth management for entanglement distribution in a fully-connected fiber-optic network,

    N. B. Lingaraju, H.-H. Lu, S. Seshadri, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, J. M. Lukens.

    FTh1D.2, CLEO    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2020.FTh1D.2

  44. Quantum secret sharing with polarization-entangled photon pairs,

    B. P. Williams, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. Qi, W. P. Grice.

    Physical Review A 99, 062311 (2019)    doi: 10.1103/physreva.99.062311

  45. All-optical processing with dynamic frequency transformations,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, B. Qi, P. Lougovski, A. M. Weiner, B. P. Williams.

    8908514, IEEE Photonics Conference, San Antonio, TX    doi: 10.1109/IPCon.2019.8908514

  46. Two-photon N-party quantum secret sharing,

    W. P. Grice, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. P. Williams.

    FTu4A.5, CLEO, San Jose, CA    doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2018.FTu4A.5

  47. Linear-optical frequency beamsplitter for fiber-optic quantum networks,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, O. D. Odele, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    Th454, QCrypt, Cambridge, UK

  48. Electro-optic frequency beamsplitter for quantum networking applications,

    H.-H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, O. D. Odele, A. M. Weiner, P. Lougovski.

    JW4A.23, Frontiers in Optics, Washington, DC    doi: 10.1364/FIO.2017.JW4A.23