School of Nuclear
Engineering
NUCL 555
Thermal-Hydraulic
Measurement and Instrumentation
Spring 2003
Lecture Class
Material:
In the lecture class this course introduces the
measurement techniques in fluid flow, heat transfer and multi-phase flow. The principle and practice of measurement of
temperature, flow, level, pressure and void fraction (in two-phase flow
systems) are presented. On instrumentation, various
sensors like thermocouple, resistance temperature devices, pressure and
differential pressure cells, pressure gages, heat flux sensor, vortex flow
sensors, magnetic flow tubes are discussed. The
principles of sensor operation, calibration and installation are
presented. Advanced instruments: laser Doppler anemometer, gamma
densitometer, conductivity probe and impedance meter are presented. The
application of these instruments in two-phase flow systems is
discussed. Topics on instrument error and measurement errors on the data
analysis are presented. The data acquisition system
using PC is presented. The state-of-the arts data
acquisition boards and software are discussed.
Laboratory
Class Material: In laboratory class the students are
presented with nine sets of experiments. Students perform some experiments and some experiments with special instruments (LDA, gamma densitometer,
conductivity probe) will be performed by scientists for demonstration.
Format: Two one-hour lectures and a two-hour
laboratory class per week.
Lecture: Monday,
Course Text: Lecture Notes (Sufficient reference material is
provided)
Reference: Instrument Engineers’ Handbook, Volume 1: Process Measurement and
Analysis Third Edition,
Editor-in-Chief - Béla G. Lipták,
1995
Instructor: S.T. Revankar
Office: NUCL 132E
Phone: 496-1782
Hours: Friday
Click here for CLASS NOTES
NUCL 555
Spring 2003
•Chapter 1. Introduction:
Instrument Symbols, Performance, and Terminology.
•Chapter 2. Temperature Measurement
•Application and Selection, •Bimetallic Thermometers •Calibrators
and Simulators •Color Indicators, Crayons, Pellets Miscellaneous Temperature
Sensors •Pyrometric
Cones •Radiation and Infrared Pyrometers •Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) •Thermistors •Thermocouples •Thermowells
•Ultrasonic Thermometers
Chapter 3. Pressure Measurement
•Selection and Application •Accessories: Seals, Snubbers, Calibrators, and Manifolds •Bellows-Type Pressure
Sensors •Bourdon and Helical Pressure Sensors •Diaphragm or Capsule-Type
Sensors •Differential Pressure Instruments •Electronic Pressure Sensors ,
strain gage, variable reluctance and piezo electric
sensors, Smart P and DP cells, •High-Pressure Sensors •Manometers •Pressure
Gauges •Pressure Repeater •Pressure and Differential Pressure
•Chapter 4. Flow Measurement
•Application and Selection •Cross-Correlation Flowmetering
•Elbow Taps •Magnetic Flowmeters
•Mass Flowmeters—Coriolis •Mass Flowmeters—Thermal
•Orifices •Pitot Tubes, Averaging, and
Duct Section Units •Turbine and Other
Rotary Element Flowmeters •Ultrasonic Flowmeters •Variable-Area, Gap, and Vane Flowmeters •Venturi Tubes, Flow
Tubes, and Flow Nozzles •Vortex and
Fluidic Flowmeters
Chapter 5. Level Measurement
•Application and Selection •Differential Pressure Level Detectors
•Float Level Devices •Laser Level Sensors •Ultrasonic Level Detectors
•Chapter 6. Local Velocity Measurement
Laser
Doppler Velocimetry
•Chapter 7. Void Fraction Measurement
Gamma
Densitometer, Conductivity Probes, Impedance void meter
Chapter 8. Data Acquisition Systems
PC
based data acquisition system.
Signal conditioning, Plug-in A/D converters, software. Chapter 9. Signal Analysis
Correlation of Data and Signal, Random Data, PDF, auto-correlation,
cross correlation.
•Appendix •International System of
Units •Engineering Conversion Factors •Chemical Resistance of Materials
•Composition of Metallic and Other Materials •Steam and Water Tables •Friction
Loss in Pipes •Tank Volumes •
Experiment 1: Measurement of temperature
using thermocouples:
Objective:
Using different thermocouples (K, T, E,)
measure temperature of a heated liquid. Calibrate thermocouples with standard
thermometer. Check commercial fit curves for thermocouple. Study response of
thermocouple as function of junction size. Use PC based data acquisition
system.
Experiment 2 : Pressure and level measurement using smart DP cell
Objective: Study various types of P and DP measurement sensors : gages (Bourdon type), electrical signal generating
P and DP cells (strain gage type,
variable reluctance type, piezo electric
type). Use Honeywell DP transducers and electronic communicator to identify,
set ranges, measure pressure and water level in a tank. Calibrate the DP cell
using DRUCK P and DP calibrator.
Experiment 3:
Gas flow measurement using a orifice, nozzle, Venturi meter
and electronic flow totalizer
Objective: Measure the gas flow rate in a pipe using
a orifice, nozzle, a Venturi
meter and the electronic flow totalizer. Find total
flow losses in the orifice, Venturi and the nozzle.
Experiment 4:
Liquid flow measurement
using magnetic flow meter
Objective: Measure the liquid flow rate in a pipe
using a magnetic flow meter. Use electronic communicator to identify, set
ranges and measure liquid flow rate.
Experiment 5: Gas flow measurement using vortex flow meter and rotameter.
Objective: Measure the gas flow rate in a pipe using
a vortex flow meter and rotameter.
Experiment 6:
Liquid velocity measurement
using laser Doppler anemometer
Objective: Measure the liquid velocity components
and turbulence in a rectangular channel using laser Doppler anemometer.
Experiment 7:
Void fraction measurement
using gamma densitometer
Objective: Measure the void fraction of a two-phase
air-water flow in a tube using a gamma densitometer.
Experiment 8:
Local Void fraction measurement using conductivity probe
Objective: Measure the local void fraction of a
two-phase air-water flow in a tube using a conductivity probe.
Experiment 9:
Data Acquisition System
Objective: Connect two different sensors (e.g.
thermocouple and DP cell) to the data acquisition system and measure the sensor
response.