#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct _Node { // canonical name struct _Node
    char* value;
    struct _Node* next; // need to use canonical name
// invalid: Node* next;
/*
linked_list.c:8:2: error: unknown type name ‘Node’
  Node* next;
  ^~~~
*/
} Node; // shortcut name: Node

void print_linked_list(Node* head) {
    // loop to iterate the linked list
    // we could write this as a while loop
    // per CQ, its better to write as a for loop
    for (Node* cur = head; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
        printf("[%s]", cur->value);
        printf("%s", cur->next == NULL ? "\n" : "->");
    }
}

// appends a new value to the linked list after the tail
// mallocing a new node and updating the tail
// works with any size of linked list
void append(char* value, Node** a_head, Node** a_tail) {
    // step 1: malloc new node
    Node* new_node = malloc(sizeof(*new_node));
    // step 2: initialize new node
    *new_node = (Node) { .value = value, .next = NULL };

    // step 3: insert new node into list
    // case 1: list is size 0
    // POTENTIAL BUG: a_head should never be NULL
    //               *a_head might be NULL
    if (*a_head == NULL) {
        // new node is both the new head and new tail
        *a_head = new_node;
    }
    // case 2: list is size > 0
    else {
        // append to the end of the old tail
        (*a_tail)->next = new_node;
        // potential bug: -> has higher precedence than *
        //*a_tail->next = new_node;
    }
    // step 4: update the tail
    // always make the new node the new tail
    *a_tail = new_node;
}

void destroy_linked_list(Node** a_head, Node** a_tail) {
    Node* cur = *a_head;
    while (cur != NULL) {
        Node* next = cur->next;
        free(cur->value); // free before I free cur
        free(cur);
        cur = next;
    }
    *a_head = NULL;
    *a_tail = NULL;
}

char* copy_string(char const* original) {
    int length = strlen(original);
    char* copy = malloc(sizeof(*copy) * (length + 1));
    for (int i = 0; original[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        copy[i] = original[i];
    }
    copy[length] = '\0';
    return copy;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    // linked list of size 0
    // NULL
    Node* head = NULL;
    Node* tail = NULL;
    print_linked_list(head);
    assert(head == NULL);
    assert(tail == NULL);

    // linked list of size 1
    // [Hello]->NULL
    append(copy_string("Hello"), &head, &tail);
    print_linked_list(head);
    assert(head != NULL);
    assert(tail != NULL);
    assert(head == tail);
    assert(strcmp(tail->value, "Hello") == 0);

    // linked list of size 2
    // [Hello]->[World]->NULL
    append(copy_string("World"), &head, &tail);
    print_linked_list(head);
    assert(head != tail);
    assert(strcmp(tail->value, "World") == 0);

    // linked list of size 3
    // [Hello]->[World]->[String]->NULL
    append(copy_string("String"), &head, &tail);
    print_linked_list(head);
    assert(strcmp(tail->value, "String") == 0);

    // a later node in a linked list is a valid linked list
    print_linked_list(head->next);

    destroy_linked_list(&head, &tail);
    assert(head == NULL);
    assert(tail == NULL);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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