#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "clog.h"

// Q: Could we initialize s (a char* referring to memory on the heap) using s = "ABC";
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    int num_bytes = 3 + 1;  // 3 characters in "ABC" + 1 for '\0' (null terminator)

    char* s = malloc(num_bytes * sizeof(*s));
    // Allocate a block on the heap sufficient to store 4 char's and
    // initialize s to the address of the first byte in that block.

    // WARNING: BUG!!!  (↓)
    s = "ABC";
    // PROBLEM:  This will overwrite the address of our heap allocation block with the
    //           address of a string on the data segment.  This does NOT write to the
    //           heap memory.  We no longer have the address of our heap allocation block.
  
    log_str(s);
    free(s);   // PROBLEM:  s is now the address of memory in the DATA SEGMENT.
               //           This will lead to two problem:
               //           ∙ SEGMENTATION FAULT.
               //           ∙ Memory leak --- because we were never able call free(…)
               //             on the heap allocation block.

    // RULE:  Call free(…) only with an address of memory in the HEAP segment.

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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