#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    char* s1 = "ABC";  // characters 'A', 'B', 'C', followed by '\0'
    // '\0' is the null terminator and indicates the end of a string IN MEMORY (not files).
    
    char s2[] = "ABC";  // array of size 4 (including '\0')

    char s3[4] = "ABC";  // array of size 4 (including '\0')

    char s4[] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', '\0' }; // array of size 4 (including '\0')

    char s5[4];
    s5[0] = 'A';  // character constant uses single quotes ('A' not "A")
    s5[1] = 'B';
    s5[2] = 'C';
    s5[3] = '\0';  // null terminator

    char s6[] = { 65, 66, 67, 0 }; // array of size 4 (including '\0')
    // Remember:  To the compiler, 'A' and 65 are exactly the same.
    // Remember:  Character constants use single quotes, e.g., 'A'.
    // Remember:  String literals use double quotes, e.g., "ABC".

    char s7[4];
    s7[0] = 65;  // character constant uses single quotes ('A' not "A")
    s7[1] = 66;  // character constant uses single quotes ('A' not "A")
    s7[2] = 67;  // character constant uses single quotes ('A' not "A")
    s7[3] = 0;   // character constant uses single quotes ('A' not "A")

    char s8[4];
    s8[0] = 0x41;  // hexadecimal integer constant
    s8[1] = 0x42;
    s8[2] = 0x43;
    s8[3] = 0x00;

    char s9[4];
    s9[0] = 0101;  // octal (base 8) integer constant
    s9[1] = 0102;
    s9[2] = 0103;
    s9[3] = 00;

    printf("s1 == \"%s\"\n", s1);
    printf("s2 == \"%s\"\n", s2);
    printf("s3 == \"%s\"\n", s3);
    printf("s4 == \"%s\"\n", s4);
    printf("s5 == \"%s\"\n", s5);
    printf("s6 == \"%s\"\n", s6);
    printf("s7 == \"%s\"\n", s7);
    printf("s8 == \"%s\"\n", s8);
    printf("s9 == \"%s\"\n", s9);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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