Gelasian ICS Stage
(Waltonian)
From 2.588 +/- 0.005 To 1.806 +/- 0.005 Ma
Start Defined By: Isotopic stage 103, base of magnetic polarity chronozone
C2r (Matuyama). Above are extinction levels of calcareous nannofossil
Discoaster pentaradiatus and D. surculus.
End Defined By: Just above top of magnetic polarity chronozone C2n (Olduvai)
and the extinction level of calcareous nannofossil Discoaster brouweri
(base Zone CN13). Above are lowest occurrence of calcareous nannofossil
medium Gephyrocapsa spp. and extinction level of planktonic foraminifer
Globigerinoides extremus.
Start Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
End Based On: Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, _A Geologic Time Scale 2004_
Global Stratotype Section and Point: Nicola Bed, Monte San Nicola, Gela,
Sicily, Italy
-- Overlaps With --
Australian Stage: Yatalan (3.4 - 2)
Californian Stage: Wheelerian (1.9 - 0.01143)
Californian Stage: Repettian (2.9 - 2.2)
Japanese Stage: Suchian (3 - 1.9)
Japanese Stage: Kechienjian (1.9 - 1.5)
New Zealand Stage: Nukumaruan (1.96 - 1.1)
New Zealand Stage: Mangapanian (2.6 - 1.96)
-- A Substage of --
Eon: Phanerozoic (542 - -5.5012e-005)
Era: Cenozoic (65.5 - -5.5012e-005)
Period: Neogene (23.03 - -5.5012e-005)
Epoch: Pliocene (5.332 - 1.806)
Sub-Epoch: Late Pliocene (3.6 - 1.806)
Informal Sub-era: Tertiary (65.5 - 1.806)
North American Stage: Blancan (4.75 - 1.806)
-- Preceeded By --
ICS Stage: Piacenzian (3.6 - 2.588)
-- Followed By --
Epoch: Pleistocene (1.806 - 0.01143)
ICS Stage: Early Pleistocene (1.806 - 0.781)
Australian Stage: Werrikooian (1.806 - 1)
Informal Period: Pleistogene (1.806 - -5.5012e-005)
Informal Sub-era: Quaternary (1.806 - -5.5012e-005)
North American Stage: Irvingtonian (1.806 - 0.3)
-- Contains the Following Stages --
Californian Stage: Venturian (2.2 - 1.9)
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