Traditionally, complex engineered systems such as automobiles, aircrafts, etc. have been realized by concurrently designing their subsystems, which are decomposed into components. The design considerations are limited to the component level, where a material which satisfies the design requirements is selected (using Ashby's selection charts) from the database of available material options. Recently Olson's Materials-by-Design has received popularity as a new paradigm in the materials research community.