{"id":837,"date":"2019-11-15T09:12:17","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T14:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/?p=837"},"modified":"2020-10-10T08:56:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T13:56:37","slug":"a-jana-s-i-woo-k-s-n-vikrant-and-r-e-garcia-electrochemomechanics-of-lithium-dendrite-growth-energy-environmental-science-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2019\/11\/15\/a-jana-s-i-woo-k-s-n-vikrant-and-r-e-garcia-electrochemomechanics-of-lithium-dendrite-growth-energy-environmental-science-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"A. Jana, S.-I. Woo, K.S.N. Vikrant, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \u00a0&#8220;Electrochemomechanics of lithium dendrite growth.&#8221;\u00a0Energy &#038; Environmental Science, 12:3595-3607, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A. Jana, S.-I. Woo, K.S.N. Vikrant, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \u00a0&#8220;<em>Electrochemomechanics of lithium dendrite growth.<\/em>&#8221;\u00a0<i><strong>Energy Environ. Sci.<\/strong><\/i>, <strong>12:\u00a0<\/strong>3595-3607, 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9EE01864F\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9EE01864F<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>abstract<\/h3>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>A comprehensive roadmap describing the current density- and size-dependent dendrite growth mechanisms is presented. Based on a thermodynamically consistent theory, the combined effects of chemical diffusion, electrodeposition, and elastic and plastic deformation kinetics are analyzed to rationalize their contributions to experimentally observable morphologies. A critical current density, <em>\u00ee<\/em>* = <em>z<\/em><img src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rsc.org\/images\/entities\/char_e141.gif?w=1060&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"F\" border=\"0\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><em>i<\/em><small><sub>lim<\/sub><\/small><em>l<\/em>(\u0394<em>G\u03a9\u03ba<\/em><small><sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub><\/small>), in the <em>t<\/em><small><sub><em>\u03c3<\/em><\/sub><\/small> &lt; <em>t<\/em> &lt; <em>t<\/em><small><sub>Sand<\/sub><\/small> range, results in plastic flow at the tips, dendrite bifurcation, and bent and kinked morphologies. Three dendrite growth mechanisms are observed: (1) electrochemical shielding, where there is practically no electrodeposition\/electrodissolution; (2) stress-induced electrodissolution and electrodeposition on those interfaces directly facing each other, generating a self-sustained overpotential that pushes the dendrites towards the counter electrode; and (3) local, lateral plastic extrusion in those side branches experiencing non-hydrostatic stresses. Six regimes of lithium electrodeposit growth are identified: (i) thermodynamic suppression regime, (ii) incubation regime, (iii) base-controlled regime, (iv) tip-controlled regime, (v) mixed regime, and (vi) Sand&#8217;s regime.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_838\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-838\" style=\"width: 378px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img data-attachment-id=\"838\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2019\/11\/15\/a-jana-s-i-woo-k-s-n-vikrant-and-r-e-garcia-electrochemomechanics-of-lithium-dendrite-growth-energy-environmental-science-2019\/image\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/image.png?fit=378%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"378,125\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lithium dendrites\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Left: Electrical fields; Center: Lithium distribution during dendrite growth; Right: Stress fields in dendrite&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/image.png?fit=378%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/image.png?fit=378%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-838\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/image.png?resize=378%2C125&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"lithium dendrites\" width=\"378\" height=\"125\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Electrical fields; Center: Lithium distribution during dendrite growth; Right: Stress fields in dendrite<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\" class=\"post-excerpt\">A. Jana, S.-I. Woo, K.S.N. Vikrant, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \u00a0&#8220;Electrochemomechanics of lithium&hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2019\/11\/15\/a-jana-s-i-woo-k-s-n-vikrant-and-r-e-garcia-electrochemomechanics-of-lithium-dendrite-growth-energy-environmental-science-2019\/\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;A. Jana, S.-I. Woo, K.S.N. Vikrant, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \u00a0&#8220;Electrochemomechanics of lithium dendrite growth.&#8221;\u00a0Energy &#038; Environmental Science, 12:3595-3607, 2019&#8243;<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2019\/11\/15\/a-jana-s-i-woo-k-s-n-vikrant-and-r-e-garcia-electrochemomechanics-of-lithium-dendrite-growth-energy-environmental-science-2019\/\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"A. Jana, S.-I. Woo, K.S.N. Vikrant, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \u00a0&#8220;Electrochemomechanics of lithium dendrite growth.&#8221;\u00a0Energy &#038; Environmental Science, 12:3595-3607, 2019\"<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[45],"tags":[9,74,6,58,48,77],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/peeeSR-dv","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":507,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2017\/11\/04\/a-jana-dr-ely-re-garcia-dendrite-separator-interactions-in-lithium-based-batteries-journal-of-power-sources-275912-921-2015\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":0},"title":"A Jana, DR Ely, RE Garc\u00eda &#8220;Dendrite-separator interactions in lithium-based batteries.&#8221;\u00a0Journal of Power Sources, 275:912-921, 2015.","date":"11\/04\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A Jana, DR Ely, RE Garc\u00eda \"Dendrite-separator interactions in lithium-based batteries.\"\u00a0Journal of Power Sources, 275:912-921, 2015. Abstract The effect of separator pore size on lithium dendrite growth is assessed through the use of the phase field method (PFM). Dendrites are found to undergo concurrent electrodeposition and electrodissolution that define their\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":533,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2017\/11\/04\/a-jana-re-garcia-lithium-dendrite-growth-mechanisms-in-liquid-electrolytes-nano-energy-41552-565-2017\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":1},"title":"A Jana, RE Garc\u00eda &#8220;Lithium dendrite growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes.&#8221;\u00a0Nano Energy, 41:552-565, 2017.","date":"11\/04\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A Jana, RE Garc\u00eda \"Lithium dendrite growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes.\"\u00a0Nano Energy, 41:552-565, 2017. A unified theoretical framework of dendrite growth kinetics has been developed to account for the coupled effects of electrodeposition, surface tension, and elastic and plastic deformation. The contribution of each driving force is assessed to identify\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":502,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2017\/11\/04\/dr-ely-a-jana-re-garcia-phase-field-kinetics-of-lithium-electrodeposits-journal-of-power-sources-272581-594-2014\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":2},"title":"DR Ely, A Jana, RE Garc\u00eda &#8220;Phase field kinetics of lithium electrodeposits.&#8221;\u00a0Journal of Power Sources, 272:581-594, 2014.","date":"11\/04\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"DR Ely, A Jana, RE Garc\u00eda \"Phase field kinetics of lithium electrodeposits.\"\u00a0Journal of Power Sources, 272:581-594, 2014. Abstract A phase field description is formulated to describe the growth kinetics of an heterogeneously nucleated distribution of lithium electrodeposits. The underlying variational principle includes the bulk electrochemical contributions to the free energy\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":473,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2017\/11\/04\/dr-ely-re-garcia-heterogeneous-nucleation-and-growth-of-lithium-electrodeposits-on-negative-electrodes-journal-of-the-electrochemical-society-1604a662-a668-2013\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":3},"title":"DR Ely, RE Garc\u00eda &#8220;Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Electrodeposits on Negative Electrodes.&#8221;\u00a0Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 160(4):A662-A668, 2013.","date":"11\/04\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"DR Ely, RE Garc\u00eda \"Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Electrodeposits on Negative Electrodes.\"\u00a0Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 160(4):A662-A668, 2013. Abstract By starting from fundamental principles, the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of electrodeposited anode materials is analyzed. Thermodynamically, we show that an overpotential-controlled critical radius has to be overcome in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":879,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2021\/01\/21\/k-s-n-vikrant-x-l-phuah-j-lund-han-wang-c-s-hellberg-n-bernstein-w-rheinheimer-c-m-bishop-h-wang-and-r-e-garcia-modeling-of-flash-sintering-of-ionic-ceramics-mrs-bulletin-janua\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":4},"title":"K.S.N. Vikrant, X.L. Phuah, J. Lund, Han Wang, C.S. Hellberg, N. Bernstein, W. Rheinheimer, C.M. Bishop, H. Wang, and R.E. Garc\u00eda &#8220;Modeling of flash sintering of ionic ceramics.&#8221; MRS Bulletin, 46(1):67-75, 2021.","date":"01\/21\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"K.S.N. Vikrant, X.L. Phuah, J. Lund, Han Wang, C.S. Hellberg, N. Bernstein, W. Rheinheimer, C.M. Bishop, H. Wang, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \"Modeling of flash sintering of ionic ceramics.\" MRS Bulletin, 46(1):67-75, 2021.\u00a0doi:10.1557\/s43577-020-00012-0 abstract A fundamental understanding of the influence of defects in ionic ceramics at the atomic, microstructural, and macroscopic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":921,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/2022\/06\/08\/l-d-robinson-k-s-n-vikrant-j-e-blendell-c-a-handwerker-r-e-garcia-interfacial-and-volumetric-melting-regimes-of-sn-nanoparticles-acta-materialia-in-press-2022\/","url_meta":{"origin":837,"position":5},"title":"L.D. Robinson, K.S.N. Vikrant, J.E. Blendell, C.A. Handwerker, R.E. Garc\u00eda  &#8220;Interfacial and Volumetric Melting Regimes of Sn Nanoparticles.&#8221; Acta Materialia. In Press. 2022","date":"06\/08\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"L.D. Robinson, K.S.N. Vikrant, J.E. Blendell, C.A. Handwerker, and R.E. Garc\u00eda \"Interfacial and Volumetric Melting Regimes of Sn Nanoparticles.\" Acta Materialia. In Press. 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actamat.2022.118084 Abstract A thermodynamically consistent phase field formulation was developed to describe what has been historically known as the premelted surface layer in Sn nanoparticles. Two interfacial\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Papers&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1-s2.0-S1359645422004657-ga1_lrg-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=837"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":844,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/837\/revisions\/844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}