{"id":164,"date":"2017-10-19T22:43:49","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T22:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/?page_id=164"},"modified":"2017-11-08T16:22:06","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T16:22:06","slug":"rechargeable-batteries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/rechargeable-batteries\/","title":{"rendered":"Rechargeable Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Introduction<\/h3>\n<p>Modern rechargeable batteries are complex ensembles of particles of electrochemically active material with high charge capacity utilization achieved through the development of optimized chemistries and particle architectures (see Figure on the left).\u00a0The research performed by the group led by Prof. Edwin Garc\u00eda focuses on the development of thermodynamic and kinetic theories, models, and algorithms to realize improved portable and stationary energy storage technology. In order to incorporate the effects of the mesoscale microstructure and tortuosity, a theoretical framework is being developed to establish processing-property relations that combine the constitutive properties of the individual phases into realistic microstructural designs. The developed framework is directly compared against experimental results.\u00a0The goal is to develop accelerated design strategies, advanced architectures (microstructures), and processing operations for high power density applications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wm-posts wm-posts-wrap clearfix wm-posts-wm_projects wm-posts-layout-default\"><div class=\"wm-filter\"><ul><li class=\"wm-filter-items-all active\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\"*\">All<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-batteries\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-batteries\">batteries<span class=\"count\"> (10)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-electrochemistry\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-electrochemistry\">electrochemistry<span class=\"count\"> (8)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-ferroelectrics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-ferroelectrics\">ferroelectrics<span class=\"count\"> (5)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-gibbs\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-gibbs\">Gibbs<span class=\"count\"> (2)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-grain-boundaries\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-grain-boundaries\">grain boundaries<span class=\"count\"> (8)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-grain-growth\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-grain-growth\">grain growth<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-leds\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-leds\">LEDs<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-lithium-dendrites\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-lithium-dendrites\">lithium dendrites<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-microstructures\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-microstructures\">microstructures<span class=\"count\"> (15)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-phase-diagrams\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-phase-diagrams\">phase diagrams<span class=\"count\"> (4)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-phase-field\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-phase-field\">phase field<span class=\"count\"> (5)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-piezoelectrics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-piezoelectrics\">piezoelectrics<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-porous-ceramics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-porous-ceramics\">porous ceramics<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-powders\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-powders\">powders<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-properties\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-properties\">properties<span class=\"count\"> (10)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-sofcs\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-sofcs\">SOFCs<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-solar-cells\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-solar-cells\">solar cells<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-symbolic-kinetics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-symbolic-kinetics\">symbolic kinetics<span class=\"count\"> (2)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-symbolic-thermodynamics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-symbolic-thermodynamics\">symbolic thermodynamics<span class=\"count\"> (3)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-thermoelectrics\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-thermoelectrics\">thermoelectrics<span class=\"count\"> (1)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-thin-films\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-thin-films\">thin films<span class=\"count\"> (6)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wm-filter-items-tortuosity\"><a href=\"#\" data-filter=\".project_tag-tortuosity\">tortuosity<span class=\"count\"> (4)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wm-posts-container wm-items-container with-margin filter-this\" data-columns=\"4\" data-time=\"0\" data-layout-mode=\"masonry\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ItemList\">\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-712 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin project_tag-batteries project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-lithium-dendrites project_tag-phase-field has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/lithium-dendrite-growth-thermodynamics-and-kinetics\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"1000\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?fit=1000%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"electric field distribution during Li dendrite growth\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?resize=657%2C219&amp;ssl=1 657w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?resize=768%2C256&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-attachment-id=\"741\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/lithium-dendrite-growth-thermodynamics-and-kinetics\/electricfield-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?fit=1000%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,333\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"electric field distribution during Li dendrite growth\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?fit=657%2C219&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/electricField.jpg?fit=1000%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/lithium-dendrite-growth-thermodynamics-and-kinetics\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tLithium Dendrite Growth Thermodynamics and Kinetics\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-kinetics\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Kinetics<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-nanostructures\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Nanostructures<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-707 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin alt project_tag-batteries project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-grain-boundaries project_tag-microstructures has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/chemomechanics-of-battery-materials\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"788\" height=\"783\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?fit=788%2C783&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"porous, polycrystalline LCO particle\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LCO secondary particle cross-section\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?w=788&amp;ssl=1 788w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?resize=657%2C653&amp;ssl=1 657w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?resize=768%2C763&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" data-attachment-id=\"708\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/chemomechanics-of-battery-materials\/poly_pore_grain\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?fit=788%2C783&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"788,783\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"LCO secondary particle cross-section\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?fit=657%2C653&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/poly_Pore_grain-e1520493205217.png?fit=788%2C783&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/chemomechanics-of-battery-materials\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tChemomechanics of Battery Materials\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-nanostructures\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Nanostructures<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-705 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin project_tag-batteries project_tag-microstructures project_tag-properties project_tag-tortuosity has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/microstructural-design-principles-of-battery-electrodes\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"620\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/DecagonalAntiprism.png?fit=620%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"platelet-based porous electrode microstructure\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"porous cathode made out of decagonal antiprisms\" data-attachment-id=\"706\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/microstructural-design-principles-of-battery-electrodes\/decagonalantiprism\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/DecagonalAntiprism.png?fit=620%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"620,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"porous cathode made out of decagonal antiprisms\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/DecagonalAntiprism.png?fit=620%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/DecagonalAntiprism.png?fit=620%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/microstructural-design-principles-of-battery-electrodes\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tMicrostructural Design Principles of Battery Electrodes\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-704 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin alt project_tag-batteries project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-microstructures project_tag-properties\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/porous-electrode-theory-of-battery-microstructures\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tPorous Electrode Theory of Battery Microstructures\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-243 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin project_tag-batteries project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-microstructures project_tag-properties project_tag-tortuosity has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/microstructure-aware-porous-electrode-theory\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tortuousSolid.jpg?fit=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"stream lines around spherical particles during diffusion in porous battery cathode\" data-attachment-id=\"206\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/tortuoussolid\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tortuousSolid.jpg?fit=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"200,200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"stream lines around spherical particles during diffusion in porous battery cathode\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tortuousSolid.jpg?fit=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tortuousSolid.jpg?fit=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/microstructure-aware-porous-electrode-theory\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tMicrostructure-Aware Porous Electrode Theory\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-242 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin alt project_tag-batteries project_tag-thin-films has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/3d-conical-lco-battery-structures\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"991\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?fit=991%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"voltage distribution in 3D Conical Structures\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?w=991&amp;ssl=1 991w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?resize=657%2C221&amp;ssl=1 657w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?resize=768%2C258&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" data-attachment-id=\"211\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/3dconicalstructure\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?fit=991%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"991,333\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"voltage distribution in 3D Conical Structures\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?fit=657%2C221&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3dConicalStructure.jpg?fit=991%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/3d-conical-lco-battery-structures\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t3D Conical LCO Battery Structures\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-nanostructures\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Nanostructures<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-240 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin project_tag-batteries project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-grain-boundaries project_tag-thin-films has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/electrochemical-strain-microscopy\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"672\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?fit=672%2C222&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"lithium concentration during ESM simulation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?w=672&amp;ssl=1 672w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?resize=657%2C217&amp;ssl=1 657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" data-attachment-id=\"199\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/lithium_concentrationesm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?fit=672%2C222&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"672,222\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lithium concentration during ESM simulation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?fit=657%2C217&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/lithium_concentrationESM.jpg?fit=672%2C222&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/electrochemical-strain-microscopy\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tElectrochemical Strain Microscopy\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-nanostructures\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Nanostructures<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-742 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin alt project_tag-batteries project_tag-microstructures project_tag-tortuosity has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/tortuosity-anisotropy-in-porous-lithium-ion-batteries\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"798\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?fit=798%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"porous graphite anode displaying tortuosity anisotropy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?w=798&amp;ssl=1 798w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?resize=657%2C562&amp;ssl=1 657w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?resize=768%2C657&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" data-attachment-id=\"744\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/tortuosity-anisotropy-in-porous-lithium-ion-batteries\/sl43_c5_1c5bar_th_01-bin_buffer-vtkgreen-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?fit=798%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"798,683\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"porous graphite anode displaying tortuosity anisotropy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?fit=657%2C562&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/SL43_C5_1c5bar_TH_01.bin_Buffer.vtkgreen.png?fit=798%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/tortuosity-anisotropy-in-porous-lithium-ion-batteries\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tTortuosity Anisotropy in Porous Lithium-Ion Batteries\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<article class=\"wm-posts-item wm-posts-item-248 wm-column width-1-4 with-margin project_tag-electrochemistry project_tag-ferroelectrics project_tag-gibbs project_tag-phase-diagrams project_tag-properties project_tag-symbolic-kinetics project_tag-symbolic-thermodynamics has-thumbnail\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element image image-container\" itemprop=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/open-source-symbolic-thermodynamics-and-kinetics-of-materials\/\" itemprop=\"url\"><img width=\"600\" height=\"920\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/gibbsExample.jpg?fit=600%2C920&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"gibbs software example simulation script\" data-attachment-id=\"221\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/gibbsexample\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/gibbsExample.jpg?fit=600%2C920&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"600,920\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"gibbs software example simulation script\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/gibbsExample.jpg?fit=600%2C920&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/gibbsExample.jpg?fit=600%2C920&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/project\/open-source-symbolic-thermodynamics-and-kinetics-of-materials\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class=\"wm-posts-elements-container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element title\">\r\n\t\t\t<h2 itemprop=\"name\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tOpen Source Symbolic Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Materials\r\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wm-posts-element wm-html-element taxonomy\"><span class=\"term term-batteries\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Batteries<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-ferroelectrics\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Ferroelectrics<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-kinetics\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Kinetics<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-research\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Research<\/span>, <span class=\"term term-software\" itemprop=\"keywords\">Software<\/span><\/div>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\" class=\"post-excerpt\">A general purpose open source, Python-based framework, Gibbs, was developed to perform\u00a0multiphysical&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PeeeSR-2E","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":26,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/main\/people\/","url_meta":{"origin":164,"position":0},"title":"People","date":"10\/10\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Current Current Graduate Students Lucas Robinson Jarrod Lund Surya Mitra Danny Hermawan Current Visiting Scholars and Postdoctoral Researchers K. S. N. Vikrant \"Electric Field Assisted Sintering of Ionic Ceramics.\" August 2019- Alfredo Sanjuan ''Modeling and Design of Charged Particle Dynamics.\" November 2018- Faculty R. Edwin Garc\u00eda (home page) Alumni Graduate\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":33,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/","url_meta":{"origin":164,"position":1},"title":"Laboratory of Computational Microstructures","date":"10\/10\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 Introduction Our research group focuses on the design of materials and devices through the development of a fundamental\u00a0understanding of the solid state physics of the individual phases, their short and long range interactions, and its associated microstructural evolution. The aim is to provide guidelines that will lead to experiments\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":169,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/microstructure-evolution\/","url_meta":{"origin":164,"position":2},"title":"Microstructure Evolution","date":"10\/19\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction At the core of manufacturing science is the development of improved processing operations that result on better material properties, reliability, and performance. Fundamentally, this corresponds to first develop a deep understanding to then engineer the microstructural evolution of the fabricated part or device, i.e., the impact of the controlling\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":159,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/ferroelectrics\/","url_meta":{"origin":164,"position":3},"title":"Ferroelectrics","date":"10\/19\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction The development of analytical theories and numerical models that capture with realism the time evolution of polarization domains in polycrystalline lead-containing and lead-free ferroelectric materials is being pursued. Specifically, thermodynamic variational principles are being built based on Landau-like free energy formulations and by introducing the adequate kinetic laws to\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":584,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/164\/revisions\/584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/ComputationalMaterials\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}